Or artificial loaves of leaves, Jessica, another undergraduate student working in my lab, is investigating leaf pack dynamics in an Ohio stream.  She has characterized leaf accumulation in the field, and, unfortunately, seen the rapid washing of her samples during a mild flooding event.  The next step is to characterize a few variables that may be important in leaf packs within streams (i.e., invertebrate community succession and FPOM accumulation) using artificially constructed leaf packs… or loaves.  Below, leaves where pierced onto a kabob with the help of a couple of volunteers.